![]() This type is now thought to have originated in the Late AntiqueEastern Roman Empire and to have initially reached the Migration peoples as diplomatic gifts of objects probably made in Constantinople, then copied by their own goldsmiths. Red garnets and gold made an attractive contrast of colours, and for Christians the garnet was a symbol of Christ. Byzantine enamel spread to surrounding cultures and a particular type, often known as garnet cloisonné is widely found in the Migration Period art of the 'barbarian' peoples of Europe, who used gemstones, especially red garnets, as well as glass and enamel, with small thick-walled cloisons. The Byzantines perfected a unique form of cloisonné icons. In Egypt gemstones and enamel-like materials sometimes called 'glass-paste' were both used. ![]() In the jewellery of ancient Egypt, including the pectoral jewels of the Pharaohs, thicker strips form the cloisons, which remain small. Cloisonné first developed in the jewellery of the ancient Near East, typically in very small pieces such as rings, with thin wire forming the cloisons.
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